> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://base.bangwu.me/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Docker > Docker containerization guide covering image building, container creation with port mapping, volume mounting for persistence, and CLI commands. # Docker Docker is an open-sourceapplication container engine，lets developers package apps and dependencies into portable containers。 ## Installation ### Windows/Mac Download [Docker Desktop](https://www.docker.com/products/docker-desktop/) ### Linux (Ubuntu) ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash -s docker --mirror Aliyun ``` ## Basic Concepts * **Image**: a read-only template containing the filesystem needed to run a container * **Container**: a running instance of an image * **Repository**: a place to store images, such as Docker Hub ## Common Commands ### Image Management ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} # Search Image docker search nginx # Pull Image docker pull nginx:latest # View Local Images docker images # Remove Image docker rmi nginx:latest # Build Image docker built -t myapp:1.0 . # Export Image docker save -o nginx.tar nginx:latest # Import Image docker load -i nginx.tar ``` ### Container Management ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} # Run容器 docker run -d --name mynginx -p 80:80 nginx # Parameter Description： # -d：后台Run # --name：指定容器name # -p：Port Mapping 宿主机端口:容器端口 # -v：挂载卷 宿主机路径:容器路径 # -e：设置Environment Variables # --restart：重启Strategy（no/always/on-failure/unless-stopped） # View Running Containers docker ps # View All Containers（Package括停止's ） docker ps -a # Stop Container docker stop mynginx # Start Container docker start mynginx # Restart Container docker restart mynginx # Remove Container docker rm mynginx # Force Remove Running Container docker rm -f mynginx # Enter Container docker exec -it mynginx bash # View Container Logs docker logs -f mynginx # View Container Details docker inspect mynginx # View Container Resource Usage docker stats # Copy File to Container docker cp file.txt mynginx:/path/ # Copy File from Container docker cp mynginx:/path/file.txt ./ ``` ### Volume Management ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} # Create Volume docker volume create mydata # View Volumes docker volume ls # View Volume Details docker volume inspect mydata # Remove Volume docker volume rm mydata # Clean Unused Volumes docker volume prune ``` ### Network Management ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} # View Networks docker network ls # Create Network docker network create mynet # Delete Network docker network rm mynet # Connect Container to Network docker network connect mynet mynginx ``` ## Dockerfile A Dockerfile is a text file used to build an image. ### Basic Structure ```dockerfile theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} # 基础镜像 FROM python:3.11-slim # 设置工作目录 WORKDIR /app # 设置Environment Variables ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 # 复制file COPY requirements.txt . # 执行Command RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt # 复制应用代码 COPY . . # 暴露端口 EXPOSE 8000 # 启动Command CMD ["python", "app.py"] ``` ### Common directives * FROM: specify the base image * WORKDIR: set the working directory * COPY: copy files into the image * ADD: copy files, with support for URLs and automatic extraction * RUN: execute commands during the build * CMD: the default command run when the container starts * ENTRYPOINT: the entry point, not replaced by normal `docker run` arguments * ENV: set environment variables * EXPOSE: declare ports * VOLUME: define a data volume * USER: specify the runtime user * ARG：buildparameters ### Multi-stage Build ```dockerfile theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} # builtPhase FROM node:18 AS builter WORKDIR /app COPY package*.json ./ RUN npm install COPY . . RUN npm run built # RunPhase FROM nginx:alpine COPY --from=builder /app/dist /usr/share/nginx/html EXPOSE 80 CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"] ``` ## .dockerignore This works like `.gitignore`, excluding files that do not need to be copied into the image. ``` node_modules .git .env *.log __pycache__ .vscode ``` ## Image Registry Mirror ### Configure image mirrors (Linux) edit /etc/docker/daemon.json： ```json theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} { "registry-mirrors": [ "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn", "https://hub-mirror.c.163.com" ] } ``` Restart Docker: ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl restart docker ``` ## Practical Tips ### Clean System ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} # 清理未使用's 容器、网络、镜像 docker system prune -a # View磁盘占用 docker system df ``` ### Auto-restart Containers ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} docker run -d --restart=always nginx ``` ### Limit Resources ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} # 限制内存和CPU docker run -d --memory="512m" --cpus="1.5" nginx ``` ### View container IP ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} docker inspect -f '{{range .NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' container_name ``` ## Common deployment examples ### Nginx ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} docker run -d \ --name nginx \ -p 80:80 \ -v /path/to/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \ nginx:alpine ``` ### MySQL ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} docker run -d \ --name mysql \ -p 3306:3306 \ -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=password \ -v mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql \ mysql:8.0 ``` ### Redis ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} docker run -d \ --name redis \ -p 6379:6379 \ -v redis_data:/data \ redis:alpine \ redis-server --appendonly yes ``` ### PostgreSQL ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} docker run -d \ --name postgres \ -p 5432:5432 \ -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=password \ -v postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data \ postgres:16 ``` ## References * [Docker Official Docs](https://docs.docker.com/) * [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/) * [Dockerfile Best Practices](https://docs.docker.com/develop/dev-best-practices/)