> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://base.bangwu.me/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Supervisor > Supervisor 是 Linux 系统上的进程守护与管理工具，用于在后台运行、监控和自动重启应用服务进程，本文整理了 apt/pip 安装方法、supervisord 主配置文件与 program 子配置编写规范、supervisorctl 常用管理命令及开机自启设置。 # Supervisor 进程管理 Supervisor 是一个 Python 编写的进程管理工具，用于监控和控制 Unix/Linux 系统上的进程。 [详细教程博客文章](https://bangwu.top/posts/supervisor) ## 简介 Supervisor 可以： * 自动启动、停止、重启进程 * 监控进程状态，崩溃后自动重启 * 提供 Web 界面管理 * 记录进程输出日志 * 进程分组管理 ## 安装 ### Ubuntu/Debian ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} sudo apt update sudo apt install supervisor ``` ### CentOS/RHEL ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} sudo yum install supervisor ``` ### Python pip ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} pip install supervisor ``` ## 配置文件 主配置文件位置： * Ubuntu: `/etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf` * 自定义程序配置: `/etc/supervisor/conf.d/*.conf` ### 基本配置结构 ```ini theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} [program:myapp] command=/usr/bin/python /path/to/app.py ; 启动命令 directory=/path/to/ ; 工作目录 user=www-data ; 运行用户 autostart=true ; 随supervisor启动 autorestart=true ; 自动重启 startsecs=10 ; 启动10秒后无异常才认为成功 startretries=3 ; 失败重试次数 redirect_stderr=true ; 重定向错误输出 stdout_logfile=/var/log/myapp.log ; 日志文件 stdout_logfile_maxbytes=50MB ; 日志文件大小 stdout_logfile_backups=10 ; 日志备份数量 environment=PATH="/usr/local/bin" ; 环境变量 ``` ## 常用命令 ### 管理 Supervisor 服务 ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} # 启动 supervisor sudo systemctl start supervisor # 停止 supervisor sudo systemctl stop supervisor # 重启 supervisor sudo systemctl restart supervisor # 查看状态 sudo systemctl status supervisor # 开机自启 sudo systemctl enable supervisor ``` ### 管理进程 ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} # 重新加载配置 sudo supervisorctl reread sudo supervisorctl update # 启动程序 sudo supervisorctl start myapp # 停止程序 sudo supervisorctl stop myapp # 重启程序 sudo supervisorctl restart myapp # 查看所有程序状态 sudo supervisorctl status # 查看特定程序状态 sudo supervisorctl status myapp # 启动所有程序 sudo supervisorctl start all # 停止所有程序 sudo supervisorctl stop all # 重启所有程序 sudo supervisorctl restart all # 查看日志 sudo supervisorctl tail myapp sudo supervisorctl tail -f myapp # 实时查看 # 清空日志 sudo supervisorctl clear myapp ``` ## 配置示例 ### Python Web 应用 ```ini theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} [program:flask_app] command=/usr/bin/python3 /home/user/app/run.py directory=/home/user/app user=www-data autostart=true autorestart=true startsecs=5 startretries=3 redirect_stderr=true stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/flask_app.log environment=FLASK_ENV="production",SECRET_KEY="your-secret" ``` ### Node.js 应用 ```ini theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} [program:nodejs_app] command=/usr/bin/node /home/user/app/server.js directory=/home/user/app user=nodejs autostart=true autorestart=true redirect_stderr=true stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/nodejs_app.log environment=NODE_ENV="production" ``` ### Celery Worker ```ini theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} [program:celery_worker] command=/home/user/venv/bin/celery -A myapp worker --loglevel=info directory=/home/user/myapp user=celery numprocs=1 autostart=true autorestart=true startsecs=10 stopwaitsecs=600 stopasgroup=true killasgroup=true redirect_stderr=true stdout_logfile=/var/log/celery/worker.log ``` ### 进程组 ```ini theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} [group:myproject] programs=web,worker,beat priority=999 [program:web] command=/usr/bin/gunicorn myapp:app ... [program:worker] command=/usr/bin/celery worker ... [program:beat] command=/usr/bin/celery beat ... ``` ## Web 界面 启用 Web 管理界面： ```ini theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} [inet_http_server] port=127.0.0.1:9001 username=admin password=password ``` 访问：[http://localhost:9001](http://localhost:9001) ## 环境变量 ```ini theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} [program:myapp] command=/usr/bin/python app.py environment= PATH="/usr/local/bin", DATABASE_URL="postgresql://localhost/db", SECRET_KEY="secret" ``` ## 日志管理 ```ini theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} [program:myapp] stdout_logfile=/var/log/myapp/stdout.log stdout_logfile_maxbytes=50MB ; 单个文件最大50MB stdout_logfile_backups=10 ; 保留10个备份 stderr_logfile=/var/log/myapp/stderr.log stderr_logfile_maxbytes=50MB stderr_logfile_backups=10 ``` ## 优雅关闭 ```ini theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} [program:myapp] stopsignal=TERM ; 停止信号 stopwaitsecs=10 ; 等待10秒后强制杀死 stopasgroup=true ; 停止整个进程组 killasgroup=true ; 杀死整个进程组 ``` ## 多进程管理 ```ini theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} [program:worker] command=/usr/bin/python worker.py process_name=%(program_name)s_%(process_num)02d numprocs=4 ; 启动4个进程 autostart=true autorestart=true ``` ## 故障排查 ### 查看日志 ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} # supervisor 主日志 sudo tail -f /var/log/supervisor/supervisord.log # 程序日志 sudo tail -f /var/log/supervisor/myapp.log # 使用 supervisorctl 查看 sudo supervisorctl tail -f myapp ``` ### 常见问题 1. **进程启动失败** * 检查命令路径是否正确 * 检查用户权限 * 查看日志文件 2. **进程频繁重启** * 增加 `startsecs` 值 * 检查程序本身是否有问题 3. **配置不生效** ```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"github-light","dark":"github-dark"}} sudo supervisorctl reread sudo supervisorctl update ``` ## 最佳实践 1. **使用配置文件分离**：每个程序一个配置文件 2. **设置合理的日志大小**：避免磁盘占满 3. **使用专用用户**：提高安全性 4. **进程分组**：方便批量管理 5. **设置环境变量**：配置与代码分离 6. **监控告警**：结合监控系统使用 7. **定期备份配置**：版本控制配置文件 ## 替代方案 * **systemd**：Linux 系统服务管理 * **PM2**：Node.js 进程管理器 * **circus**：Python 进程管理 * **monit**：系统监控和进程管理 ## 参考资源 * [Supervisor 官方文档](http://supervisord.org/) * [配置文件详解](http://supervisord.org/configuration.html) * [详细博客教程](https://bangwu.top/posts/supervisor) This documentation is built and hosted on [Mintlify](https://mintlify.com), a developer documentation platform.